The resisting forces include:
- Rock chemistry (lithology ... you remember this word I hope)
- Rock structure (mineralogy and rock types).
The resisting forces provide the geological framework against which the driving forces react (and interact).
Figure 1.1 below presents the driving forces acting on the earth.
So the system is expanded into our model thus:
Figure 1.2 Expanded model of forces interacting over time
Figure 1.2 illustrates how the various forces interact over a long period of time to produce the landforms that we see in Hong Kong, i.e. forces act on landform A which over time produces landform B.
What do I mean by episodic and spasmodic?
- Episodic means taking place in episodes e.g. episodes of volcanism during the Jurassic period of earth's history.
- Spasmodic is linked to episodic, but means in occasional, more irregular bursts of activity e.g. that terrible Taiwan earthquake of 1999, a spasmodic (unpredictable) burst of crustal dynamics.
The aim of this model is thought. It is not a perfect model. It is given to help you visualize in a sort of mental map, a picture of the processes which create landforms.
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