Quality management has been a part of many different cultures throughout history. It is nothing new and can be traced as far back as 2000 BC in Babylonia. King Hummurabi of Babylon introduced the concept of product quality and liability into the building industry of the times. In the time of Egyptian pharaohs, the burial of the nobility was documented systematically. The manner of carrying out the necessary rituals and the funerary goods to be buried with the deceased are stated in each Book of the Dead. A systematic document is one of the fundamentals in quality management to ensure consistency. The same steps will be followed by different persons performing the same task. In doing so, the deviation from the requirements can be minimized. The first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huangdi, decreed that all goods supplied for use in the imperial household should carry a mark so that any maker who produced goods with faults could be traced and punished. During the Middle Ages, merchant guilds were established to guarantee the quality of workmanship and to define the standards to be expected by the buyers. The emergence of mass production in the twentieth century increased the demand of control of product quality. In addition, the demand of consistency in ammunition in war times pushed the need for more stringent product quality. If we look back at this brief history of the development of quality management, it can be seen that we have gone through various phases from quality control to quality assurance and ultimately to total quality management. Let's go over each of these phases of quality management together now.
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