Careful writers use transitions to clarify how the ideas in their sentences and paragraphs are related. These words and phrases help the writing flow smoothly. Adding transitions is not the only way to improve coherence, but they are often useful and give a mature feel to your essays. The following Table 8.3 groups many common transitions according to their purpose.
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Transitions That Show Sequence or Time |
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|
after |
before |
later |
|
afterward |
before long |
meanwhile |
|
as soon as |
finally |
next |
|
at first |
first, second, third |
soon |
|
at last |
in the first place |
then |
|
Transitions That Show Position |
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|
above |
across |
at the bottom |
|
at the top |
behind |
below |
|
beside |
beyond |
inside |
|
near |
next to |
opposite |
|
to the left, to the right, to the side |
under |
where |
|
Transitions That Show a Conclusion |
||
|
indeed |
hence |
in conclusion |
|
in the final analysis |
therefore |
thus |
|
Transitions That Continue a Line of Thought |
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|
consequently |
furthermore |
additionally |
|
because |
besides the fact |
following this idea further |
|
in addition |
in the same way |
moreover |
|
looking further |
considering…, it is clear that |
|
|
Transitions That Change a Line of Thought |
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|
but |
yet |
however |
|
nevertheless |
on the contrary |
on the other hand |
|
Transitions That Show Importance |
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|
above all |
best |
especially |
|
in fact |
more important |
most important |
|
most |
worst |
|
|
Transitions That Introduce the Final Thoughts in a Paragraph or Essay |
||
|
finally |
last |
in conclusion |
|
most of all |
least of all |
last of all |
|
All-Purpose Transitions to Open Paragraphs or to Connect Ideas Inside Paragraphs |
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|
admittedly |
at this point |
certainly |
|
granted |
it is true |
generally speaking |
|
in general |
in this situation |
no doubt |
|
no one denies |
obviously |
of course |
|
to be sure |
undoubtedly |
unquestionably |
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Transitions that Introduce Examples |
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|
for instance |
for example |
|
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Transitions That Clarify the Order of Events or Steps |
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|
first, second, third |
generally, furthermore, finally |
in the first place, also, last |
|
in the first place, furthermore, finally |
in the first place, likewise, lastly |
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After Maria revised for unity, she next examined her paragraph about televisions to check for coherence. She looked for places where she needed to add a transition or perhaps reword the text to make the flow of ideas clear. In the version that follows, she has already deleted the sentences that were off topic.
Tip
Many writers make their revisions on a printed copy and then transfer them to the version on-screen. They conventionally use a small arrow called a caret (^) to show where to insert an addition or correction.
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