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An amplifier (Figure 2.13) multiplies its input by a constant known as the amplifier gain.
Figure 2.13 An amplifier.
The gain can be positive or negative (if negative, we would say that the amplifier inverts its input) and its magnitude can be greater than one or less than one. If less than one, the amplifier actually attenuates. A real-world example of an amplifier is your home stereo. You control the gain by turning the volume control.
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