The following diagram (see Figure 15.14) provides a high level overview of the eLearniXML for accessing, manipulating, modifying and creating domain models. The top level object is, in a similar way in task model, the eLearniXML, which contains collections for a variety of e- Learning level objects, as well as the main domain model collection that provides access to the learning objects and relationships between them.
Next, elements and descriptions of eLearniXML domain model, shown in Figure 15.14, aredocumented in Table 15.8. This specification of the domain model has a common structure with previous task model diagram. So, common entities can be identified, for instance eLearniXML or Package. All diagram, task and models are structured with packages entities.
In our specification, relationships among learning objects are identified also. In the domain model two types of relationships and groupings are documented: semantic and domain. In the first group of relationships learning objects can be linked by using semantic relationships, e.g: antonymy, homonym, etc. On the other side, domain relationships are associated to syntactic relationships: aggregation, association, etc. These relationships are documented in Table 15.9.
|
Elements |
Description |
|
eLearniXML |
The eLearniXML package contains the high level e-Learning system objects and entry point into the model itself using the Models collection and the other system level collections. |
|
Package |
A Package element corresponds to a set of models (task and domain) in the eLearniXML. It is a common ground in our domain model. Every model is stored and organized into packages. |
|
Domain Diagram |
A DomainDiagram contains a collection of learning objects and relationships (domain relationships). |
|
Relationship |
A relationship object represents the various kinds of links between learning objects. It is accessed from either the source or target object, using the domain type relationships (e.g.: aggregation, specialization, generalization, association, etc.). |
|
Learning Object |
The LearningObject entity contains information about a learning object and its associated extended properties such as grouping and resources. A learning object is the basic item in a domain model.. |
|
Resource |
A resource is a named person/object with timing constraints and percent complete indicators. |
|
Group |
A collection of tasks (fragments). This is commonly used for establish semantic relationships among learning objects. |
|
Author |
An Author object represents a named model author. Accessed using the eLearniXML Authors collection. |
|
ProjectResource |
A Project Resource is a named person who is available to work on the current project in any capacity. |
|
Relationships |
Description |
|
Active |
A semantic between two concepts, one of which expresses the performance of an operation or process affecting the other. |
|
Antonymy |
A semantic relation between two concepts, one of which is the opposite of B; e.g. cold is the opposite of warm |
|
Associative |
A domain relation which is defined psychologically: that (some) people associate concepts (A is mentally associated with B by somebody). Often are associative relations just unspecified relations. |
|
Causal |
A semantic relation between two concepts, where a concept A is the cause of other concept B. For example: Scurvy is caused by lack of vitamin C |
|
Homonym |
A semantic relation between two concepts, two concepts, A and B, are expressed by the same symbol. Example: Both a financial institution and a edge of a river are expressed by the word bank (the word has two senses). |
|
Specialization| Generalization |
These two domain relationships designate the relations between a general concept and individual instances of that concept. A is an example of B. Example: Copenhagen is an instance of the general concept 'capital'. |
|
Locative |
A semantic relation between two concepts, in which a concept indicates a location of a thing designated by another concept. A is located in B; example: Minorities in Denmark. |
|
Aggregation| Composition |
These two domain relationships designate the relations between the whole and its parts (A is part of B) A metonym is the name of a constituent part of, the substance of, or a member of something. Metonymy is opposite to homonymy (B has A as part of itself). (A is narrower than B; B is broader than A). |
|
Passive |
A temporal relation between two concepts, one of which is affected by or subjected to an operation or process expressed by the other. |
|
Paradigmatic |
A semantic relation between two concepts that is considered to be either fixed by nature, self-evident, or established by convention. Examples: mother / child; fat /obesity; a state /its capital city |
|
Polysemy |
A semantic relation between two concepts, a polysemous (or polysemantic) word is a word that has several sub-senses which are related with one another. (A1, A2 and A3 shares the same expression) |
|
Possessive |
A semantic relation between two concepts, a relation between a possessor and what is possessed. |
|
Association |
A domain relation where a concept A is semantically related to another term. |
|
Synonymy |
A denotes the same as B; A is equivalent with B. |
|
Temporal |
A semantic relation in whom a concept indicates a time or period of an event designated by another concept. Example: Second World War, 1939-1945. |
|
Troponymy |
A semantic relation where the relation of being a manner of does something (or sense 2: "the place names of a region or a language considered collectively"). |
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