The first step for implementing an effective functional e-learning virtual environment is to investigate its main functional features. These functional features should differentiate an e-learning environment from other virtual environments which are designed and implemented for general use (Gierlowski et al., 2009; Bouras et.al, 2008, 2006). Research (Dillenbourg, 1999; Kanev et al. 2009) demonstrates that every virtual environment that integrates the following features can be characterized as a CEL environment:
- Users who have different roles and rights can visit the environment.
- The educational interactions in the environment should change the simple virtual space to communication space. Users should be provided with multiple communication channels, which enable them to interact with each other into the virtual space.
- The environment should be represented by various representation forms, which can range from simple text to 3D worlds.
- The learners in the environment should not be passive, but should be able to interact.
- The system that supports the e-learning environment should be able to integrate various technologies.
- The environment should support various e-learning scenarios.
- The environment should have common features with a physical space.
Another perspective on the CEL features relates to the debate in the literature concerning the differences and commonalities between “collaborative” and “cooperative” leaning. While joining this debate is beyond the scope of this chapter, this author believes that the similarities far outweigh the differences. These similarities have been well articulated byKreijns et al, 2003, and Lin et al., 2010 which include:
- Learning is active
- The teacher is usually more a facilitator than a “sage on the stage”
- Teaching and learning are shared experiences
- Students participate in small group activities
- Students must take responsibility for learning
- Students are stimulated to reflect on their own assumptions, and thought processes Social and team skills are developed through the give-and-take of consensus building
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