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Research studies by Bouras et. al., 2008 and 2006; Dillenbourg, 1999; and Moshman, 1982provide an insightful discussion and analysis of additional design elements focused on e-collaboration and e-learning. These are briefly presented below:
- Situated remote communication by supporting multiple communication channels – such as avatar gestures, voice chat, and text chat. Remote task collaboration in distributed environments allows users to collaborate on tasks. This design element could be realized by:
a. Tools such as manipulation of shared objects, brainstorming board tool, locking/unlocking shared objects, user handling, as well as slide presentation and creation.
b. Supporting users who have different roles and rights when visiting the environment.
- Remote task support: Remote support by other learners, teachers, moderators, and participants. This design element could be realized by uploading material in the virtual space and data sharing.
- Scaffolding tools: Tools such as whiteboard, brainstorming and slide creation can support collaborative scenarios as well as support the learners to undertake tasks in the virtual space. The whiteboard could support the learners in making presentations, while the brainstorming and slide creation could support the exchange and collection of ideas for assigned task.
- Representation of the environment by various representation forms, which can range from simple text to 3D worlds.
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