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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- Describe differences between groups in terms of their means and standard deviations, and in terms of Cohen’s d.
- Describe correlations between quantitative variables in terms of Pearson’s r.
As we have seen throughout this book, most interesting research questions in psychology are about statistical relationships between variables. Recall that there is a statistical relationship between two variables when the average score on one differs systematically across the levels of the other. In this section, we revisit the two basic forms of statistical relationship introduced earlier in the book— differences between groups or conditions and relationships between quantitative variables—and we consider how to describe them in more detail.
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