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| absorption spectrum | the specific pattern of absorption for a substance that absorbs electromagnetic radiation |
| autotroph | an organism capable of producing its own food |
| Calvin cycle | the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules |
| carbon fixation | the process of converting inorganic CO2 gas into organic compounds |
| chlorophyll a | the form of chlorophyll that absorbs violet-blue and red light |
| chlorophyll b | the form of chlorophyll that absorbs blue and red-orange light |
| chlorophyll | the green pigment that captures the light energy that drives the reactions of photosynthesis |
| chloroplast | the organelle where photosynthesis takes place |
| electromagnetic spectrum | the range of all possible frequencies of radiation |
| granum | a stack of thylakoids located inside a chloroplast |
| heterotroph | an organism that consumes other organisms for food |
| light-dependent reaction | the first stage of photosynthesis where visible light is absorbed to form two energy-carrying molecules (ATP and NADPH) |
| mesophyll | the middle layer of cells in a leaf |
| photoautotroph | an organism capable of synthesizing its own food molecules (storing energy), using the energy of light |
| photon | a distinct quantity or “packet” of light energy |
| photosystem | a group of proteins, chlorophyll, and other pigments that are used in the lightdependent reactions of photosynthesis to absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy |
| pigment | a molecule that is capable of absorbing light energy |
| stoma | the opening that regulates gas exchange and water regulation between leaves and the environment; plural: stomata |
| stroma | the fluid-filled space surrounding the grana inside a chloroplast where the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis take place |
| thylakoid | a disc-shaped membranous structure inside a chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place using chlorophyll embedded in the membranes |
| wavelength | the distance between consecutive points of a wave |
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