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K-selectedspecies |
a species suited to stable environments that produce a few, relatively large offspring and provide parental care |
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r-selectedspecies |
a species suited to changing environments that produce many offspring and provide little or no parental care |
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age structure |
the distribution of the proportion of population members in each age class |
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birthrate |
the number of births within a population at a specific point in time |
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carryingcapacity |
the maximum number of individuals of a population that can be supported by the limited resources of a habitat |
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climaxcommunity |
the final stage of succession, where a stable community is formed by a characteristic assortment of plant and animal species |
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competitiveexclusionprinciple |
no two species within a habitat can coexist indefinitely when they compete for the same resources at the same time and place |
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deathrate |
the number of deaths within a population at a specific point in time |
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demography |
the statistical study of changes in populations over time |
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density-dependentregulation |
the regulation of population in which birth and death rates are dependent on population size |
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density-independentregulation |
the regulation of population in which the death rate is independent of the population size |
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environmentaldisturbance |
a change in the environment caused by natural disasters or human activities |
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exponentialgrowth |
an accelerating growth pattern seen in populations where resources are not limiting |
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foundationspecies |
a species which often forms the major structural portion of the habitat |
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host |
an organism a parasite lives on |
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intraspecificcompetition |
the competition among members of the same species |
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islandbiogeography |
the study of life on island chains and how their geography interacts with the diversity of species found there |
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J-shapedgrowthcurve |
the shape of an exponential growth curve |
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keystonespecies |
a species whose presence is key to maintaining biodiversity in an ecosystem and to upholding an ecological community’s structure |
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lifetable |
a table showing the life expectancy of a population member based on its age |
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logisticgrowth |
the leveling off of exponential growth due to limiting resources |
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mark andrecapture |
a method used to determine population size in mobile organisms |
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mark andrecapture |
an adaptation in which an organism looks like another organism that is dangerous, toxic, or distasteful to its predators |
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mortalityrate |
the proportion of population surviving to the beginning of an age interval that dies during that age interval |
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mutualism |
a symbiotic relationship between two species where both species benefit |
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one-childpolicy |
a policy in China to limit population growth by limiting urban couples to have only one child or face a penalty of a fine |
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parasite |
an organism that uses resources from another species: the host |
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pioneerspecies |
the first species to appear in primary and secondary succession |
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populationdensity |
the number of population members divided by the area being measured |
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populationsize |
the number of individuals in a population |
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primarysuccession |
the succession on land that previously has had no life |
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quadrat |
a square within which a count of individuals is made that is combined with other such counts to determine population size and density in slow moving or stationary organisms |
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relativespeciesabundance |
the absolute population size of a particular species relative to the population size of other species within the community |
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S-shapedgrowthcurve |
the shape of a logistic growth curve |
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secondarysuccession |
the succession in response to environmental disturbances that move a community away from its equilibrium |
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speciesdistributionpattern |
the distribution of individuals within a habitat at a given point in time |
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speciesrichness |
the number of different species in a community |
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survivorshipcurve |
a graph of the number of surviving population members versus the relative age of the member |
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zero populationgrowth |
the steady population size where birth rates and death rates are equal |
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