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asexualreproduction |
a mechanism that produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
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blastocyst |
the structure formed when cells in the mammalian blastula separate into an inner and outer layer |
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budding |
a form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of an organism leading to a separation from the original animal into two individuals |
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bulbourethralgland |
the paired glands in the human male that produce a secretion that cleanses the urethra prior to ejaculation |
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clitoris |
a sensory and erectile structure in female mammals, homologous to the male penis, stimulated during sexual arousal |
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corpusluteum |
the endocrine tissue that develops from an ovarian follicle after ovulation; secretes progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy |
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estrogen |
a reproductive hormone in females that assists in endometrial regrowth, ovulation, and calcium absorption |
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externalfertilization |
the fertilization of eggs by sperm outside an animal’s body, often during spawning |
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fission |
(also, binary fission) a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism splits into two separate organisms or two parts that regenerate the missing portions of the body |
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folliclestimulatinghormone(FSH) |
a reproductive hormone that causes sperm production in men and follicle development in women |
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fragmentation |
the breaking of an organism into parts and the growth of a separate individual from each part |
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gastrulation |
the process in which the blastula folds over itself to form the three germ layers |
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gestationperiod |
the length of time of development, from conception to birth, of the young of a viviparous animal |
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gestation |
the development before birth of a viviparous animal |
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gonadotropin-releasinghormone(GnRH) |
a hormone from the hypothalamus that causes the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary |
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hermaphroditism |
the state of having both male and female reproductive structures within the same individual |
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humanbeta chorionicgonadotropin(β-HCG) |
a hormone produced by the chorion of the zygote that helps to maintain the corpus luteum and elevated levels of progesterone |
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inhibin |
a hormone made by Sertoli cells, provides negative feedback to hypothalamus in control of |
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innercellmass |
FSH and GnRH release |
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internalfertilization |
the inner layer of cells in the blastocyst, which becomes the embryo |
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interstitialcellofLeydig |
the fertilization of eggs by sperm inside the body of the female |
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labiamajora |
a cell type found next to the seminiferous tubules that makes testosterone |
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labiaminora |
the large folds of tissue covering inguinal area |
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luteinizinghormone(LH) |
the smaller folds of tissue within labia majora |
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menstrualcycle |
the cycle of the degradation and re-growth of the endometrium |
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oogenesis |
the process of producing haploid eggs |
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organogenesis |
the process of organ formation during development |
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ovariancycle |
the cycle of preparation of egg for ovulation and the conversion of the follicle to the corpus luteum |
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oviduct |
(also, fallopian tube) the muscular tube connecting uterus with ovary area |
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oviparity |
a process by which fertilized eggs are laid outside the female’s body and develop there, receiving nourishment from the yolk that is a part of the egg |
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ovoviparity |
a process by which fertilized eggs are retained within the female; the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk, and the young are fully developed when they are hatched |
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ovulation |
the release of an oocyte from a mature follicle in the ovary of a vertebrate |
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parthenogenesis |
a form of asexual reproduction in which an egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized |
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penis |
the male reproductive structure for urine elimination and copulation |
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placenta |
the organ that supports the transport of nutrients and waste between the mothers and fetus’ |
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progesterone |
blood in eutherian mammals |
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prostategland |
a reproductive hormone in women; assists in endometrial regrowth and inhibition of |
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Sertolicell |
FSH and LH release |
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scrotum |
a structure that is a mixture of smooth muscle and glandular material and that contributes to semen |
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semen |
a cell in the walls of the seminiferous tubules that assists developing sperm and secretes inhibin |
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seminalvesicle |
a sac containing testes, exterior to body |
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seminiferoustubule |
a fluid mixture of sperm and supporting materials |
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sex determination |
a secretory accessory gland in male; contributes to semen |
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sexualreproduction |
the structures within which sperm production occurs in the testes |
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spermatogenesis |
the process of producing haploid sperm |
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testes |
a pair of male reproductive organs |
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testosterone |
a reproductive hormone in men that assists in sperm production and promoting secondary sexual characteristics |
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trophoblast |
the outer layer of cells in the blastocyst, which gives rise to the embryo’s contribution to the placenta |
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uterus |
a female reproductive structure in which an embryo develops |
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vagina |
a muscular tube for the passage of menstrual flow, copulation, and birth of offspring |
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viviparity |
a process in which the young develop within the female and are born in a nonembryonic state |
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zonapellucida |
the protective layer around the mammalian egg |
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