When you tune in a radio station using an old-fashioned rotating dial you don't
have to be exactly tuned in to the right frequency in order to get the station. If you did, the tuning would be infinitely sensitive, and you'd never be able to receive any signal at all!
Instead, the tuning has a certain amount of "slop" intentionally designed into it. The strength of the received signal
can be expressed in terms of the dial's setting
by a function of the form
where
,
, and
are constants. This functional form is in fact very general, and is
encountered in many other physical contexts. The graph below shows the resulting bell-shaped curve. Find the frequency
at which the maximum response occurs, and show that
if
is small, the maximum occurs close to, but not exactly
at,
.