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| applied science | a form of science that solves real-world problems |
| atom | a basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical reactions |
| basic science | science that seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term application of that knowledge |
| biology | the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments |
| biosphere | a collection of all ecosystems on Earth |
| cell | the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things |
| community | a set of populations inhabiting a particular area |
| control | a part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment |
| deductive reasoning | a form of logical thinking that uses a general statement to forecast specific results |
| descriptive science | a form of science that aims to observe, explore, and find things out |
| ecosystem | all living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment |
| eukaryote | an organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles |
| evolution | the process of gradual change in a population that can also lead to new species arising from older species |
| falsifiable | able to be disproven by experimental results |
| homeostasis | the ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions |
| hypothesis-based science | a form of science that begins with a specific explanation that is then tested |
| hypothesis | a suggested explanation for an event, which can be tested |
| inductive reasoning | a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion |
| life science | a field of science, such as biology, that studies living things |
| macromolecule | a large molecule typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules |
| molecule | a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond |
| natural science | a field of science that studies the physical world, its phenomena, and processes |
| organ system | the higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs |
| organelle | a membrane-bound compartment or sac within a cell |
| organism | an individual living entity |
| organ | a structure formed of tissues operating together to perform a common function |
| peer-reviewed article | a scientific report that is reviewed by a scientist’s colleagues before publication |
| phylogenetic tree | a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both |
| physical science | a field of science, such as astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studies nonliving matter |
| population | all individuals within a species living within a specific area |
| prokaryote | a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle |
| science | knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method |
| scientific law | a description, often in the form of a mathematical formula, for the behavior of some aspect of nature under certain specific conditions |
| scientific method | a method of research with defined steps that include experiments and careful observation |
| scientific theory | a thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena |
| tissue | a group of similar cells carrying out the same function |
| variable | a part of an experiment that can vary or change |
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