KEY TERMS

ray-finned fishes

frogs, salamanders, and caecilians

a phylum of worm-like animals with metamerism

frogs

caecilians

a phylum of Ecdysozoa with jointed appendages and segmented bodies

without a body cavity

a clade of animals  that possesses an amniotic egg; includes reptiles (including  birds) and mammals

an amoeba-like cell of sponges whose functions include distribution of nutrients to other cells in the sponge

a sensory organ that allows sharks to detect electromagnetic fields produced by living things

a clade consisting of monkeys, apes, and humans

having no plane of symmetry

a type of symmetry in which there is only one plane of symmetry that creates two mirror-image sides

the shape and symmetry of an organism

swinging through trees

a form of asexual reproduction that occurs through the growth of a new organism as a branch on an adult organism that breaks off and becomes independent; found in plants, sponges, cnidarians, and some other invertebrates

a chordate clade whose members possess a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail in the adult stage

jawed fishes with paired fins and a skeleton made of cartilage

a phylum of animals distinguished by their possession of a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at some point during their development

a phylum of animals that are diploblastic and have radial symmetry and stinging cells

crocodiles and alligators

a legless amphibian that belongs to clade Apoda

a fused head and thorax

a chitinous projection from the cuticle found in annelids

a modified first pair of appendages in subphylum Chelicerata

a tough nitrogen-containing  polysaccharide found in the cuticles of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi

a cell type unique to sponges with a flagellum surrounded by a collar used to maintain water flow through the sponge, and capture and digest food particles

a specialized band of fused segments in some annelids, which aids in reproduction

a specialized stinging cell found in Cnidaria

a lined body cavity derived from mesodermal embryonic tissue

a digestive system that opens at one end, the mouth, and exits at the other end, the anus, and through which food normally  moves in one direction

a proposed clade of chordates that includes all groups except the tunicates and lancelets

specialized gills in mollusks

gas exchange through the skin

describing an animal in which the blastopore develops into the anus, with the second opening developing into the mouth

having separate male and female sexes

refers to the possession of two sets of teeth in a lifetime

an animal that develops from two embryonic germ layers

a hollow, tubular structure derived from ectoderm, which is located dorsal to the notochord in chordates

feather specialized for insulation

a phylum of deuterostomes with spiny skin; exclusively marine organisms

the layer of cells that lines the outer surface of an animal

describing animals with a body cavity completely lined with mesodermal tissue

a mammal with a complex placenta, which connects a fetus to the mother; sometimes called placental mammals

a form of digestion, the breakdown of food, which occurs outside of cells with the aid of enzymes released by cells

a form of asexual reproduction in which a portion of the body of an organism breaks off and develops into a living independent organism; found in plants, sponges, and some other invertebrates

a tail-less amphibian that belongs to clade Anura

the layer of cells that lines the gastrovascular cavity of cnidarians

the central cavity bounded by the gastrodermis in cnidarians

a structure produced by asexual reproduction in freshwater sponges that is able to survive harsh conditions

a collection   of cells formed during embryogenesis that will  give rise to future body tissues

a jawed fish

an eel-like jawless fish that lives on the ocean floor and is a scavenger

the internal  body cavity  seen in arthropods

different types of teeth modified by different purposes

the digestion of matter brought into a cell by phagocytosis

a clade of invertebrate organisms that is a sister group to the Ecdysozoa

a jawless fish characterized by a toothed, funnel-like,  sucking mouth

a member of Cephalochordata; named for its blade-like shape

the sense organ that runs the length  of a fish’s body, used to detect vibration in the water

a phylum  of protostomes with soft bodies and no segmentation

hagfishes

a pore for regulating entry and exit of water into the water vascular system

one of the groups of endothermic vertebrates that possess hair and mammary glands

in female mammals, a gland that produces milk for newborns

a specialized epidermis that encloses all visceral organs and secretes shells in mollusks

one of the groups of mammals that includes the kangaroo, koala, bandicoot, Tasmanian devil, and several other species; young develop within a pouch

a free-floating  cnidarian body plan with a mouth  on the underside and tentacles hanging down from a bell

the non-living, gel-like matrix present in between ectoderm and endoderm in cnidarians

the collagen-like gel containing suspended cells that perform  various functions  in sponges

having  a series of body structures that are similar internally  and externally,  such as segments

having both sexes in one body, hermaphroditic

an egg-laying mammal

a phylum  of worms in Ecdysozoa commonly called roundworms containing both free- living and parasitic forms

a calcareous secretion produced by bivalve mollusks to line the inner side of shells as well as to coat foreign particulate matter

the harpoon-like organelle within a cnidocyte  with a pointed projectile  and poison to stun and entangle prey

a flexible,  rod-shaped structure that is found in the embryonic  stage of all chordates and in the adult stage of some chordates

bony fishes

the large opening in a sponge body through which water leaves

one of the earliest jawless fishes covered in bone

the clade of lampreys

a  phylum of  animals with  no true tissues,  but a  porous body with  a rudimentary endoskeleton

includes lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans

an opening in the pharynx

an air-filled bone

the stalk-like, sessile life form of a cnidarians  with mouth and tentacles facing upward, usually sessile but may be able to glide along a surface

a muscular, posterior elongation of the body extending beyond the anus in chordates

a group  of primates that includes bush babies of Africa, lemurs of Madagascar, and lorises, pottos, and tarsiers of southeast Asia

describing an animal in which the mouth develops first during  embryogenesis  and a second opening developing into the anus

an animal with a coelom that is not completely lined with tissues derived from the mesoderm as in eucoelomate animals

a type of symmetry with multiple  planes of symmetry all cross at an axis through the center of the organism

a tongue-like  scraping organ with chitinous ornamentation found in most mollusks

lobe-finned fishes

the reptilian clade that includes the tuataras

the reptilian clade of lizards and snakes

a tailed amphibian that belongs to the clade Urodela

in mammals, a skin gland that produce a lipid mixture called sebum

a short sliver or spike-like structure, in sponges, they are formed of silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, or protein, and are found in the mesohyl

a respiratory  openings in insects that allow air into the tracheae

the central cavity within the body of some sponges

two overlapping fields of vision from the eyes that produces depth perception

a gland in mammals that produces sweat and scent molecules

in fishes, a gas filled organ that helps to control the buoyancy of the fish

turtles

the larval stage of a frog

a four-footed animal; includes amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

in some arthropods,  such as insects, a respiratory  tube that conducts air from the spiracles to the tissues

an animal that develops from three germ layers

a sessile chordate that is a member of Urochordata

the clade composed of the tunicates

salamanders

a series of separate bones that surround the spinal cord in vertebrates

a system in echinoderms in which water is the circulatory fluid