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KEY TERMS

23 November, 2015 - 11:00

asexualreproduction

a mechanism that produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

blastocyst

the structure formed when cells in the mammalian blastula separate into an inner and outer layer

budding

a form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of an organism leading to a separation from the original animal into two individuals

bulbourethralgland

the paired glands in the human male that produce a secretion that cleanses the urethra prior to ejaculation

clitoris

a sensory and erectile structure in female mammals, homologous to the male penis, stimulated during sexual arousal

corpusluteum

the endocrine tissue that develops from an ovarian follicle after ovulation; secretes progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy

estrogen

a reproductive hormone in females that assists in endometrial regrowth, ovulation, and calcium absorption

externalfertilization

the fertilization of eggs by sperm outside an animal’s body, often during spawning

fission

(also, binary fission) a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism splits into two separate organisms or two parts that regenerate the missing portions of the body

folliclestimulatinghormone(FSH)

a reproductive hormone that causes sperm production in men and follicle development in women

fragmentation

the breaking of an organism into parts and the growth of a separate individual from each part

gastrulation

the process in which the blastula folds over itself to form the three germ layers

gestationperiod

the length of time of development, from conception to birth, of the young of a viviparous animal

gestation

the development before birth of a viviparous animal

gonadotropin-releasinghormone(GnRH)

a hormone from the hypothalamus that causes the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

hermaphroditism

the state of having both male and female reproductive structures within the same individual

humanbeta chorionicgonadotropin(β-HCG)

a hormone produced by the chorion of the zygote that helps to maintain the corpus luteum and elevated levels of progesterone

inhibin

a hormone made by Sertoli cells, provides negative feedback to hypothalamus in control of

innercellmass

FSH and GnRH release

internalfertilization

the inner layer of cells in the blastocyst, which becomes the embryo

interstitialcellofLeydig

the fertilization of eggs by sperm inside the body of the female

labiamajora

a cell type found next to the seminiferous tubules that makes testosterone

labiaminora

the large folds of tissue covering inguinal area

luteinizinghormone(LH)

the smaller folds of tissue within labia majora

menstrualcycle

the cycle of the degradation and re-growth of the endometrium

oogenesis

the process of producing haploid eggs

organogenesis

the process of organ formation during development

ovariancycle

the cycle of preparation of egg for ovulation and the conversion of the follicle to the corpus luteum

oviduct

(also, fallopian tube) the muscular tube connecting uterus with ovary area

oviparity

a process by which fertilized eggs are laid outside the female’s body and develop there, receiving nourishment from the yolk that is a part of the egg

ovoviparity

a process by which fertilized eggs are retained within the female; the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk, and the young are fully developed when they are hatched

ovulation

the release of an oocyte from a mature follicle in the ovary of a vertebrate

parthenogenesis

a form of asexual reproduction in which an egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized

penis

the male reproductive structure for urine elimination and copulation

placenta

the organ that supports the transport of nutrients and waste between the mothers and fetus’

progesterone

blood in eutherian mammals

prostategland

a reproductive hormone in women; assists in endometrial regrowth and inhibition of

Sertolicell

FSH and LH release

scrotum

a structure that is a mixture of smooth muscle and glandular material and that contributes to semen

semen

a cell in the walls of the seminiferous tubules that assists developing sperm and secretes inhibin

seminalvesicle

a sac containing testes, exterior to body

seminiferoustubule

a fluid mixture of sperm and supporting materials

sex determination

a secretory accessory gland in male; contributes to semen

sexualreproduction

the structures within which sperm production occurs in the testes

spermatogenesis

the process of producing haploid sperm

testes

a pair of male reproductive organs

testosterone

a reproductive hormone in men that assists in sperm production and promoting secondary sexual characteristics

trophoblast

the outer layer of cells in the blastocyst, which gives rise to the embryo’s contribution to the placenta

uterus

a female reproductive structure in which an embryo develops

vagina

a muscular tube for the passage of menstrual flow, copulation, and birth of offspring

viviparity

a process in which the young develop within the female and are born in a nonembryonic state

zonapellucida

the protective layer around the mammalian egg